Fungal Keratitis Efficient Treatments using Surface Active Agents (Cetrimide): An Overview

However, some cases of keratitis result from unknown factors. Generally, more than 70 genera of filamentous fungi and yeast have been identified in fungal keratitis. The predominant causes of fungal keratitis are Aspergillus, Acremonium, Penicillium and Fusarium solani which are all non-pigmented fungi. Although Fusarium and Aspergillus clearly dominate the list, causative agents vary in different geographic areas. Moharram et al. [1] reported that Fusarium species counted for 13.8% of fungal keratitis isolated with F. solani being the most common (approximately 10% of the isolates) in Upper Egypt. However, they have reported a few cases with F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum. Fusarium was cultured from 6.8% [2] to 7.6% [3] of cases in delta region in Egypt; 10.7-20% in India [3] 26% in Thailand; [4] 11.4-57.2% microbial keratitis in childhood in the USA; [5] 55.5% in Argentina [6] and 62% in south Florida, USA [7]. Still, fungal keratitis is the most challenging among corneal ulcers and yet most commonly found in agricultural or developing countries including Malaysia [8-10].